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看外洋：猪场批次化治理系统-4周批，，，，，，，，非瘟时期批次化生产更清静

宣布时间：2019/10/21 15:53:56 宣布者：PA旗舰厅平台(中国区)官方网站-PA PlayAce

本文讨论4周批生产系统(4WBF)，，，，，，，，包括法国在内的一些国家的小型猪场(存栏250头母猪)中很常见。。。。。。。。剖析将基于与3周批生产(3WBF)的较量。。。。。。。。

This article discusses 4-week batch farrowing (4WBF), very common in small farms (250 sows) in some other countries, including France. Analysis will be based on a comparison with 3-week batch farrowing (3WBF).

在当今养猪业中，，，，，，，，小型猪场(存栏至500头母猪)使用凌驾1周批次的临盆系统是很是普遍的。。。。。。。。这些分批临盆系统的优点包括：更好地组织安排猪场事情，，，，，，，，以及由于更大的断奶批次而生产的康健猪只和转栏(运输)优势，，，，，，，，时间距离更长且年岁差别更大。。。。。。。。在西班牙最常见的治理是3周批治理系统，，，，，，，，平均哺乳期约28天，，，，，，，，但有几种差别类型的临盆产仔系统。。。。。。。。

It is very common, in today's swine industry, to use more-than-1-week batch farrowing systems in small farms (up to 500 productive sows). The advantages on those batch farrowing systems include: better organization of farm tasks, as well as both health and logistic advantages due to the production of larger weaning batches, farther apart in time and with a bigger age difference amongst them. The most common management in Spain is 3-week batch farrowing, with an average lactation length of about 28 days, but there are several different types of batch farrowing systems.

哺乳期Lactation length

3周批次生产系统需要28天的哺乳期，，，，，，，，而4周批次仅需21天。。。。。。。。显然这是一个主要的转变，，，，，，，，在作出决议前，，，，，，，，需评估下差别批次化治理的优弱点。。。。。。。。

While 3WBF requires a lactation length of 28 days, 4WBF forces a length of 21 days. Obviously, it is an important change, which advantages and disadvantages have to be assessed before making a decision.

批次巨细Batch size

4周批母猪分为5批，，，，，，，，比3周批生产系统少2个批次，，，，，，，，故每批数目多。。。。。。。。举例来说，，，，，，，，一个存栏250头母猪的猪场在4周批生产系统中，，，，，，，，每批约有50头临盆，，，，，，，，而3周批约有36头临盆。。。。。。。。断奶仔猪之间的年岁差别是4周批为4周，，，，，，，，3周批为3周。。。。。。。。4周批生产的批量更大和年岁差别更大而生产的康健猪只和转栏(运输))优势。。。。。。。。例如在自繁自养猪场猪只大批量生产，，，，，，，，意味着运输次数镌汰，，，，，，，，从而显着改善生物清静等方面。。。。。。。。

4 Week BF results in 5 batches of sows, 2 batches less than 3WBF systems, therefore batch size is bigger. As an example, a 250-sow farm would have about 50 farrowings per batch in 4WBF, and about 36 in 3WBF. Age difference between weaner batches is 4 weeks for 4WBF and three weeks for 3WBF. Bigger batch size and wider age difference between batches of 4WBF will become an advantage in logistics and health terms. As an example, in farrow to finish farms bigger batches would mean sharing fewer slaughter trucks, therefore significantly improving areas such as biosecurity.

事情妄想Task planning

下表显示了两种类型治理的每周主要的事情妄想(配种，，，，，，，，M，，，，，，，，临盆，，，，，，，，F和断奶，，，，，，，，W)。。。。。。。。

The Table below shows weekly planning of main tasks (mating, M, farrowing, F, and weaning, W) for both types of management.

表1每周事情妄想Table 1.- Weekly task planning.

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事情使命在3周批中漫衍更普遍。。。。。。。。然而在4周批生产中看上去是一个劣势简直可以是一个优势：2周可免去最主要的使命(配种，，，，，，，，临盆和断奶)，，，，，，，，可以资助更好地安排其他运动，，，，，，，，如其他农业劳动，，，，，，，，安排假期，，，，，，，，培训，，，，，，，，维修事情，，，，，，，，一样平常清洁等...

Tasks are more widely distributed in 3WBF. However, what appears to be a disadvantage in 4WBF can be an advantage: having 2 weeks free of the most important tasks (matings, farrowings and weaning), can help to better organize other activities such as agricultural tasks, holidays, training, maintenance work, general cleaning, etc...

设施使用最优化

Optimization of facilities

若是我们只思量母猪设施，，，，，，，，不思量断奶或育肥设施，，，，，，，，4周批的一个显著优点是临盆栏的最大化使用：由于每4周临盆一次，，，，，，，，哺乳期为3周，，，，，，，，以是只需要临盆栏配合一个临盆批次。。。。。。。。凭证上面的例子，，，，，，，，一个250头母猪的猪场，，，，，，，，4 周批需要50-55个临盆栏，，，，，，，，而3周批则需要75-80个临盆栏。。。。。。。。另一方面，，，，，，，，4周批次生产需要更多的非生产周期母猪设施，，，，，，，，因大批量的断奶母猪(我们必需记着，，，，，，，，临盆栏比非生产周期母猪设施更腾贵)

If we only consider sow accommodation, without considering weaner or finisher facilities, a significant advantage of 4WBF is theoptimum use of farrowing crates: since farrowings take place every 4 weeks, and lactation length is 3 weeks, it only requires farrowing crates to fit one farrowing batch. Following the example above, a 250-sow farm would need 50-55 farrowing crates for 4WBF, instead of 75-80 crates needed if working with 3 week BF. On the other hand, 4WBF would require more dry sow accommodation, since larger batches are weaned, (although we must remember that farrowing crates are always more expensive than dry sow accommodation)

Table 2.- Farrowing room occupancy weekly planner, E:entry; F: Farrowing: L: lactation; W: Weaning

表2.-临盆舍每周妄想表，，，，，，，，E:转入; F：临盆：L：哺乳; W：断奶

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坚持批量巨细Maintaining bacth size

另一方面，，，，，，，，坚持批次完整性是4周批的主要弱点，，，，，，，，由于大大都母猪返情是按期的，，，，，，，，故会脱离批次。。。。。。。。这个事实迫使猪场在发明返情母猪发情时不可配种。。。。。。。。猪场必需通过使用荷尔蒙做同期发情处置惩罚，，，，，，，，并在下一批次(56天后)或跳过一再情期，，，，，，，，直至其发情组成一批(约84天)。。。。。。。。这涉及非生产天数的增添以及由于激素使用而造成的特殊本钱。。。。。。。。显然，，，，，，，，当妊娠效果较好，，，，，，，，滋生障碍较少时，，，，，，，，这些负面影响会较小。。。。。。。。

On the other hand, keeping batch integrity is the main drawback of 4WBF, since most returns are regular and would, therefore, fall out of batch. This fact forces the farmer not to service those returns when they are found to be on heat. They must either synchronise them by using hormones and mating them at next batch (after 56 days) or skip several oestrus until their heat fits with a batch ( 84 day approx). This involves an important increase of non-productive days and extra cost due to hormone use. Obviously, when gestation results are better, with fewer reproductive losses, these negative effects will be smaller.

图1.- 4周批次生产猪场的例子：使用激素妄想返情母猪配种。。。。。。。。平均返情距离51.6天

Graphic 1.- Example of 4WBF farm: planning of return sow mating by use of hormones. Average return interval 51,6 days

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使用代乳母猪Use of nurse sows

严酷实验分批临盆使代乳母猪的使用变得难题，，，，，，，，特殊是在接纳4周批次生产时，，，，，，，，由于临盆舍中的大部分仔猪险些是同龄的。。。。。。。。一个可以使用代乳母猪的战略是有一个小的临盆舍，，，，，，，，把配种母猪用作代乳母猪。。。。。。。。此设施也允许一些脱离批次的母猪配种，，，，，，，，只管这可能会爆发负面影响(断奶批次不严酷按日龄疏散，，，，，，，，批次差别)。。。。。。。。

Strict implementation of batch farrowing makes it difficult to use nurse sows, especially when working with 4WBF, since most piglets present at the farrowing house are nearly the same age. A strategy that would allow the use of nurse sows is to have a small farrowing house to place sows mated out of batch that could be used as nurse sows. This facility would also allow mating of some females that fall out of batch, although it could lead to negative effects (not strict separation by age of weaning batches, more heterogeneous batches).

总之，，，，，，，，4周批生产是小型猪场可以思量的选择，，，，，，，，其与古板的3周批生产系统相比有差别之处，，，，，，，，在每种情形下都应该举行评估。。。。。。。。

As a conclusion, 4-week batch farrowing is a feasible option for small farms to be considered, although there are differences when compared to more traditional 3-week batch farrowing systems that should be assessed in every situation.

非瘟时期，，，，，，，，批次化生产除了有更好的经济体现外，，，，，，，，更少频次的接触母猪与仔猪，，，，，，，，将更利于非瘟防控。。。。。。。。

作者：M.A. de Andrés、Elena Vizcaíno、María Aparicio、Carlos Pieiro

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